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The subject of the research are the demographic changes determined by the changes that have occured in the technical, technological, economic, social, health and cultural development of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its entities. The aim of the research is to define the concepts needed for understanding the process of demographic aging and to explore the demographic trends in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska. The paper analyses the impact of demographic factors on socio-economic development: a) total population movement (change in the population number, dynamics coefficient); b) (un) employment; c) movement: 1) natural (natality, mortality), 2) mechanical (emigration, immigration); and d) demographic structure (gender representation, education index ..). The contribution of the research consists in determining the economic and social consequences of the demographic processes. Socio-economic development must begin with local and regional self- government. Every urban and rural area in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska must lead an adequate development policy, focus on its strengths and potentials and turn weaknesses into advantages. This ensured, it is necessary to set clear and realistic goals that can be realized in an optimal time frame. Consequently, families will not have the need for emigration, as such places will become desirable for life and development.
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