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Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
Department in Kragujevac, Academy of Professional Studies Šumadija , Kragujevac , Serbia
The precise modeling of laser–target interactions in the regimes of tunneling ionization and barrier-suppression ionization is of significant importance, as these mechanisms dominate in the strong-field regime. In this study, we examine the dynamics of the transition from tunneling to barrier-suppression ionization by applying an empirically adapted formula. Within an enhanced analytical framework, the shift between these two ionization regimes is characterized more clearly.
While it is generally accepted that the ionization rate depends on the intensity of the applied laser field, our findings indicate that it is also influenced by the initial momentum of the outgoing electron, as well as by the laser frequency. We further demonstrate that, in addition to long-range Coulomb interactions, these effects play an important role in the strong-field ionization domain, providing a basis for exploring new mechanisms in intense laser–matter interactions.
Acknowledgements. Authors would like to acknowledge the support received from the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, #GRANT 6821, Atoms and (bio)molecules-dynamics and collisional processes on short time scale - ATMOLCOL. Our appreciation also goes to the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Agreement No. 451-03-34/2026-03/ 200122).
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