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Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
Department in Kragujevac, Academy of Professional Studies Šumadija , Kragujevac , Serbia
Laser-induced breakdown in solids and gases involves complex ionization dynamics that occur on ultrafast time scales. In this work, we present a comparative review of the specific features of laser-induced breakdown (LIB) in gases and solid materials. We also present appropriate numerical approaches that allow the calculation of ionization event rates at given moments in time and for specific laser intensities (high-intensity Nd:YAG laser pulses within the 200–1064 nm wavelength range), enabling the study of the temporal evolution of a key parameter—free electron density. The influence of different parameters, such as wavelength, as well as various underlying physical phenomena, is considered. This approach makes it possible to analyze how different parameters affect laser-induced breakdown and to use that insight to predict and fine-tune laser settings for specific applications.
Acknowledgements. Authors would like to acknowledge the support received from the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, #GRANT 6821, Atoms and (bio)molecules-dynamics and collisional processes on short time scale - ATMOLCOL. Our appreciation also goes to the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Agreement No. 451-03-34/2026-03/ 200122).
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