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Visoka poslovno tehnička škola Doboj , Doboj , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Univerzitet PIM , Banja Luka , Bosnia and Herzegovina
The purpose (aim) of this paper is to point out to the realization of human rights and protection of minorities, namely: personal rights and freedoms of citizens, political rights, economic and social rights, as well as special rights and freedoms, and within those rights the exercise of rights and freedoms of ethnic groups and national minorities in general as well with special reference to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper presents a brief historiography of the development of human rights, starting from 1215. when in England was adopted 'the Great charter of the Liberties' (Magna Carta), and particularly from the Enlightenment philosophers of the eighteenth century. Holders of human rights of the citizens and the state is obliged to take care that the human rights and national minorities are respected. The paper also presents data on numerous violations of human and minority rights in the world and systematic violations of these rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Only one single data specified in the paper is quite sufficient to confirm that. Namely, in 2014, 13 178 citizens has contacted the Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whereas the proceedings on various appeals were conducted in 4672 cases. There are different approaches to issues of human rights and minority protection: sociological, political, psychological, economic and other. This paper provides an overview of these issues from the standpoint of international and constitutional law, by analyzing the international and constitutional (national) laws and their implementation. Special emphasis has been put on the analysis of human rights through normative regulation of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina which the Constitutional Court of BiH for Human Rights rated discriminatory ( in Sejdic-Finci case). Based on data presented and research results obtained in this paper, we have given more conclusions, which basically can be summed up in one general conclusion: that a large number of people in the world still does not have basic human rights, whether their rights were by other people, or whether the lack of their human rights is a consequence of some other factor, which is undoubtedly evident in the countries of former Yugoslavia, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
human rights, national minorities, international legal acts, the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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