Home Proceedings Organization Program News Contact
PDF download
Cite article
Share options
Informations, rights and permissions
Issue image
Vol 14, 2025
Pages: 395 - 406
Original scientific paper
Education Editor: Darjana Sredić
See full issue

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 

Metrics and citations
Abstract views: 23
PDF Downloads: 8
Google scholar: See link
Article content
  1. Abstract
  2. Disclaimer
Received: 19.08.2025. >> Accepted: 16.09.2025. >> Published: 21.11.2025. Original scientific paper Education Editor: Darjana Sredić

TRANSFORMING STUDENT AUTONOMY IN CHANGING EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS: LEARNING MATERIAL CHOICES FROM THE PANDEMIC ONWARD

By
Aleksandra Stevanović ,
Aleksandra Stevanović
Contact Aleksandra Stevanović

Faculty of Information Technology, University Metropolitan , Belgrade , Serbia

Marija Kaplar
Marija Kaplar

Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia

Abstract

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the transition to online learning led to a significant increase in students’ autonomy in selecting and using educational materials. A survey involving 832 higher education students collected data on their preferences regarding types of learning materials, their perceived usefulness, and various aspects of their learning experiences during the pandemic. The analysis also examined the influence of factors such as study modality (traditional, online, and blended), gender and year of study. The findings revealed clear patterns in students’ independent selection and evaluation of educational resources, indicating an increased capacity for self-directed learning during crises. Students reported that, despite altered working conditions, they regularly attended classes, had suitable working conditions, and recognized the significant potential of distance learning. Nevertheless, despite recognizing the benefits of distance learning, approximately 60% of students would still prefer not to adopt it as the sole mode of instruction. In the current context of socio-political challenges frequently disrupting traditional teaching processes, the continuity of learning habits is a relevant question. This paper aims to present the pandemic-era learning experience as a foundation and potential direction for developing future teaching models emphasizing on student autonomy and flexible use of educational materials.

References

Aboagye, E., Yawson, J. A., & Appiah, K. N. (2020). COVID-19 and E-learning: The Challenges ofStudents in Tertiary Institutions. Social Education Research, 2(1), 1–8.
Ali, M., Khaled Hossain, S. M., & Ahmed, T. (2018). Effectiveness of E-learning for university students: Evidence from Bangladesh. Org/10. 18488/ Journ Al, 8(10), 352–360.
Anthony, B., Kamaludin, A., Romli, A., Raffei, A. F. M., Phon, D. N. A. E., Abdullah, A., & Ming, G. L. (2022). Blended learning adoption and implementation in higher education: A theoretical and systematic review. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 27(2), 531–578.
Artino, A. (2007). Self-regulated learning in online education. Int. J. Instruct. Technol.Dist.Learn, 4, 3–18.
Baber, H. (2020). Determinants of students’ perceived learning outcome and satisfaction in online learning during the pandemic of COVID-19. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 7(3), 285–292.
Bates, A. W. (2005). Technology, e-learning and distance education(2nd ed.). Routledge Falmer.
Bentley, Y., Selassie, H., & Parkin, E. (2012). Evaluation of a global blended learning MBA programme. International Journal of Management in Education, 10(2), 75–87.
Betts, A. (2020). A lockdown journal from Catalonia. Studies in Higher Education, 46(1), 86–95.
Božić, R., Takači, Đ., & Stankov, G. (2021). Influence of dynamic software environment on students’ achievement of learn ing functions with parameters. Interactive Learning Environments, 29(4), 655–669. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.
Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency Remote Teaching in a Time of Global Crisis Due to CoronaVirus Pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1–6.
Broadbent, J., & Poon, W. L. (2015). Self-regulated learning strategies & academic achievement in online higher education learning environments: A systematic review. The Internet and Higher Education, 27, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.04.007
Concannon, F., Flynn, F., & Campbell, M. (2005). What campus based students think about the quality and benefits of e-learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(3), 501–512.
Fitri, S., & Zahari, C. L. (2019). The implementation of blended learning to improve understanding of mathematics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1188, 012109. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1188/1/012109
Fogarty, T. J. (2020). Accounting education in the post-COVID world: Looking into the mirror of erised. Accounting Education, 29(6), 563–571.
Frontiers in Psychology. . (2021). Supporting Self-Regulated Learning in Distance Learning Contexts at Higher Education Level: Systematic Literature Review.
Hannay, M., & Newvine, T. (2006). Perceptions of distance learning: A comparison of online and traditional learning. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 2(1), 1–11.
Harandi, S. R. (2015). Effects of e-learning on Students’ Motivation. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 423–430.
Hassan, S. un N., Algahtani, F. D., Zrieq, R., Aldhmadi, B. K., Atta, A., Obeidat, R. M., & Kadri, A. (n.d.). Academic Self-Perception and Course Satisfaction among University Students Taking Virtual Classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi-Arabia (KSA). Education Sciences, 11(3), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030134
Jia, M. (2021). The influence of distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic on student’s self-regulated learning in higher education: A qualitative study. In 2021 5th International Conference on Digital Technology in Education (pp. 47–52). https://doi.org/10.1145/3488466.3488492
Maatuk, A. M., Elberkawi, E. K., Aljawarneh, S., Rashaideh, H., & Alharbi, H. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and E-learning: challenges and opportunities from the perspective of students and instructors. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 34(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-021-09274-2
Mali, D., & Lim, H. (2021). How do students perceive face-to-face/blended learning as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic? The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100552.
Martin, F., & Bolliger, D. U. (n.d.). Engagement Matters: Student Perceptions on the Importance of Engagement  Strategies in the Online Learning Environment. Online Learning, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v22i1.1092
Mou, T. Y. (2023). Online learning in the time of the COVID-19 crisis: Implications for the self-regulated learning of university design students. Active Learning in Higher Education, 24(2), 185–205.
Mou, T.-Y. (2020). Students’ evaluation of their experiences with project-based learning in a 3D design class. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 29(2), 159–170.
Pintrich, P. R. (2004). A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning in College Students. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 385–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-004-0006-x
Radha, R., Mahalakshmi, K., Sathish, V., & Saravanakumar, A. R. (2020). E-learning during lockdown of Covid-19 pandemic: A Global Perspective. International Journal of Control and Automation, 13(4), 1088–1099.
Robson, N., & Greensmith, J. (2009). Educational podcasts: Some early evidence and thoughts. International Journal of Management in Education, 8(3), 107–117.
Samir, M., El-Seoud, A., Taj-Eddin, I. A. T. F., Seddiek, N., El-Khouly, M. M., & Nosseir, A. (2014). E-learning and Students’ Motivation: A Research Study on the Effect of E-learning on Higher Education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 9(4), 20–26.
Sangster, A., Stoner, G., & Flood, B. (2020). Insights into accounting education in a COVID-19 world. Accounting Education, 29(5), 431–562.
Selwyn, N. (2016). Digital downsides: Exploring university students’ negative engagements with digital technology. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(8), 1006–1021.
Setyaningrum, W. (n.d.). Blended Learning:  Does it help students in understanding mathematical concepts? Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika, 5(2), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.21831/jrpm.v5i2.21428
Stevanović, A., Božić, R., & Radović, S. (2021). Higher education students’ experiences and opinion about distance learning during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(6), 1682–1693. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12613
Stevanović, A., Božić, R., & Štrboja, M. (2024). Impact of learning environments on students’ achievements in Calculus contents before and during COVID-19 crises. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(9), 5724–5743. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2228828
Taranto, D., & Buchanan, M. T. (2020). Sustaining lifelong learning: A self-regulated learning (SRL) approach. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education, 11(1), 5–15.
Toptaş, V., & Öztop, F. (2021). Primary school teachers’ views on learning deficiencies in mathematics lessons in the process of distance education. Eğitim Kuram ve Uygulama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(3), 373–391.
Turner, Y. (2015). Last orders for the lecture theatre? Exploring blended learning approaches and accessibility for full-time international students. International Journal of Management in Education, 13(2), 163–169.
Verbić, S., Kaplar, M., Lužanin, Z., Trnavac, D., & Ranđelović, B. (2025). Simpson’s paradox in mathematics grading: A case study of Serbian primary schools. Zbornik Instituta Za Pedagoška Istraživanja, 57(1), 5 28. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.2298/
Xu, L., Duan, P., Padua, S. A., & Li, C. (n.d.). The impact of self-regulated learning strategies on academic performance for online learning during COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1047680
Zimmerman, B. J. (1990). Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: An Overview. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2501_2
Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (2011). Self-regulated learning and performance: an introduction and overview. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 1–14). Routledge.

The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.