A significant portion of oil remains trapped in reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery, creating the need for advanced enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. One of the more efficient and environmentally friendly methods is the use of industrial CO₂ in the enhanced oil recovery process (CO₂-EOR). This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms through which CO₂ interacts with oil reservoirs, including viscosity reduction, improved mobility, and the achievement of miscibility, all of which promote the displacement of residual oil from the porous medium. The potential for CO₂ sequestration is also considered, making this method compatible with the principles of sustainable energy production and greenhouse gas emission reduction. Based on available experimental and simulation data from relevant literature, the positive effects of CO₂ injection are highlighted: oil recovery factor increases of up to 15%, and viscosity reductions of up to 80% compared to conventional methods. Despite technical and economic challenges, CO₂-EOR presents a promising opportunity to extend the productive life of oil reservoirs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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